ABSTRACT Brazil is a benchmark in sugarcane production, with the state of São Paulo standing out as the largest Brazilian producer. However, for sugarcane suppliers and mills to sustain this activity, there is a need to improve productivity per hectare and reduce production costs. In this regard, this study aimed to propose fuzzy systems to estimate sugarcane productivity based on planted area (Area) and total cost of soil tillage (TCST) for raw material suppliers and mills. To this end, two fuzzy inference systems were constructed for the output variable (productivity) from two input variables (Area and TCST), considering five membership functions (very low, low, medium, high, and very high). Additionally, a survey on 42 sugarcane suppliers and 31 mills in the state of São Paulo was used for model construction. The results showed that the relationship between Area and TCST reflects on the productivity of sugarcane suppliers and mills in distinct ways. For suppliers, an increase in productivity is observed when there is an almost negative relationship between both input variables. For mills, productivity rises when these variables fluctuate in the same direction. Therefore, the proposed method is viable and provides relevant information for conjecturing survival strategies for agents in the sugarcane energy sector.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop a Fuzzy Rule-Based System (FRBS) for the mathematically modeling of the irrigation level effect on beet cultivars ( Beta vulgaris L.). From an agronomic experiment carried out in a protected environment (greenhouse), it was defined as input variables, for each cultivar, the irrigation levels (depths of 25, 40, 55, 70, 85, and 100% of ETc), in which ETc is the crop evapotranspiration [mm d−1], while the output variables were productivity, root diameter, and plant height. Was adopted the inference method of Mamdani and centroid method for fuzzification. The fuzzy models performed better than polynomial regression models, when compared with the coefficients of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). In addition, the excellent performance of the model is highlighted due to the curve containing all the points of the treatments means. As agronomic results, concluded that the Early Wonder cultivar has higher yields when submitted to water deficit.

ABSTRACT. In agriculture with 4.0 technologies, developing a decision model with a 0.0 cost is attractive to small farmers. In water management, if this approach could be used to promote sustainability and optimization, it could become a pathway to reach the sustainable development goal in 2030. The core of this work is the development of a 4.0 mathematical model (based on fuzzy concepts) to verify the benefits of the production of lettuce irrigated with magnetically treated water at different replacement rates. This approach is achieved using computational 4.0 software and manual methods. The aim of mathematical modeling is to understand or explain a natural phenomenon associated with a given area of knowledge, and fuzzy-rule-based systems have been widely used in different types of in-depth research.

ABSTRACT Carrot cultivation has increased within vegetable production because of its benefits to human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different irrigation using magnetically treated water and potable water on a carrot crop. The experiment was conducted in the Department of Rural Engineering of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FCA-UNESP), Botucatu-SP Campus (Brazil), from September to December, 2015. A randomized complete block with a 2x5 factorial and 10 repetitions was adopted. Thus, the treatments included 2 types of water (potable and magnetically treated) and 5 spare blades that corresponded to the percentage of evapotranspiration (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% ETc), with drip irrigation. The magnetically treated water irrigation yielded an increase in green root biomass, and the highest production was seen with 100 and 125% ETc, verifying the possibility of increased carrot productivity. There was a significant increase in the number of leaves, bulb length and diameter when the carrot crop was irrigated with magnetically treated water.

RESUMO A cultura da cenoura vem aumentando sua representatividade na produção de hortaliças devido a seus benefícios para a saúde humana. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar a consequência de diferentes lâminas de irrigação utilizando água tratada magneticamente e potável para a cultura da cenoura. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA-UNESP), Campus de Botucatu-SP (Brasil), entre os meses de setembro a dezembro de 2015. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial de 2x5 com 10 repetições. Assim, os tratamentos foram 2 tipos de água (água tratada magneticamente e potável), e 5 lâminas de reposição que corresponderam aos percentuais da evapotranspiração (25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da Etc), utilizando a irrigação por gotejamento. Constatou-se que a irrigação com água tratada magneticamente proporcionou um incremento na massa de matéria fresca, sendo que a lâmina que obteve a maior produção foi a de 100 e 125% da Etc, assim verificando a possibilidade do aumento da produtividade da cenoura. Se constatou aumento significativo para a o número de folhas, comprimento de bulbo e diâmetro para a cultura da cenoura quando irrigada com água tratada magneticamente.

Resumo A economia leiteira abrange produtos de grande destaque para o agronegócio brasileiro. Sua produção apresentou crescimento nas últimas décadas, podendo atribuir-se a fatores, como o aumento do número de vacas ordenhadas e/ou adoção de animais com maior produtividade no rebanho, e a inserção de tecnologia no processo de produção leiteira. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar, junto à base de dados do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial – INPI, a totalidade de registros de patentes vinculadas à atividade da produção leiteira, principalmente durante a fase de ordenha, verificando se há correlação entre o número de registros e o aumento de produtividade e/ou o aumento do número de animais em lactação. Foram consultadas na base de dados do INPI, registros de patentes relacionadas ao processo de ordenha realizadas no período entre 1975 e 2015 No ano de 1996, foi promulgada a Lei n.º 9.279, que garante os direitos e obrigações relativos à propriedade industrial, momento em que ocorre maior procura pelos pedidos de registros. Entretanto, o número de pedidos de registros não foi significativo, se comparado com o período após 2006, quando entrou em vigor no Brasil a Instrução Normativa 51, que regula todo o processo envolvido na produção leiteira, quando, então, ocorreu um aumento expressivo do número de registros na base de dados do INPI. Concluiu-se, assim, que o aumento do número de patentes no período analisado coincidiu com o aumento da produção de leite, relacionado ao maior número de animais ordenhados e / ou maior produção de leite no rebanho brasileiro, o que torna a evolução tecnológica no setor ser mencionada como uma das causas da melhoria da qualidade dos produtos lácteos.

Abstract The dairy economy is one of the most important sectors of Brazilian agribusiness. Dairy production showed growth over the last few decades, which can be attributed to factors such as: an increase in the number of milked cows and/or the adoption of more productive animals in the dairy herd, and the insertion of technology into the dairy production process. Thus, the objective of this study was to quantify, together with the Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property – INPI – database, all registrations of patents related to the milk production activity, mainly during the milking phase, verifying if there is any correlation between the number of registrations and the increase in productivity and / or the increase in number of lactating animals. Patent records related to the milking process carried out between 1975 and 2015 were consulted in the INPI database. The Brazilian law No. 9,279 was enacted in 1996, which guarantees the rights and obligations related to industrial property, and at that time a greater demand for registrations occurred, although this was not significant when compared with the period after 2006, when Normative Instruction 51 came into force, which regulates the whole process involved in milk production, obtaining a significant increase in the number of registrations in the INPI database. It was thus concluded that the increase in the number of patents during the period analyzed coincided with the increase in milk production, which was related to the greater number of milked animals and/or higher milk yields in the Brazilian herd, which makes the technological evolution in the sector be mentioned as one of the causes of the improvement in quality of dairy products.